Integrative Neuroscience of <i>Paramecium</i>, a “Swimming Neuron”

Paramecium is a unicellular organism that swims in fresh water by beating thousands of cilia. When it stimulated (mechanically, chemically, optically, thermally…), often backward then turns and forward again. This avoiding reaction triggered calcium-based action potential. For this reason, some authors have called swimming neuron. review summarizes current knowledge about the physiological basis behavior Paramecium.